How to build a merger model a basic overview of the key. The methodology of developing the new model is presented in section 3. The ongoing dance of merger and acquisition happening every week is hard to miss. During the gas stirring process, the slag layer is deformed such that the. However, the process of conversion of pig ironsponge iron into steel is a complex process. Creating steel from lowgrade iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing. Steel making carbon equivalent to a good approximation, the weldability of steel can be estimated from its chemical composition. Abstract merger and acquisition in the steel industry. The purpose of the course is to give the user a solid understanding of how mergers and acquisitions work.
The growing complexity of global business has raised the stakes at all levels of decision making. The role of it in supporting mergers and acquisitions. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. A mckinsey perspective on value creation and synergies almost 50 percent of the time, due diligence conducted before a merger fails to provide an adequate roadmap to capturing synergies and creating value. Directly reduced iron directly reduced iron is a product of iron steel direct reduction from ores in the solid. Rf is the fastest because the training does not require much parameter tuning. The development of the threephase model is also presented in section 3, and is then applied and verified in a a systematic process improvement model from manufacturing perspective.
Based on the total production process of iron and steel plant, and with the general design requirements for the major operating units. Planning, which is the most complex part of the merger process, entails the analysis, the action plan, and the negotiations between the parties involved. A pre merger process that targets companies that are a good cultural match, have compatible values and are in line with achieving corporate strategy. Salzgitter the process shown above is illustrative only and is not designed to show the steelmaking process in detail. The effects of other elements can be estimated by equating them to an additional amount of carbon. Worldwide steel production and indias position in 2011 total steel production of entire world was 1490 mt. Then a simulation study is conducted using webbased micro cyclone simulation software to determine the current duration of one cycle of steel processes. In many ways the techniques of primary steel making were neglected in favour of secondary processes but with these developments logistics and the. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Pdf influence of steelmaking processes on the quality of. Technology developments have outpaced modeling capabilities. Melting steel scrap results in liquid steel, which can be shaped in the desired forms by casting, rolling and finishing.
Here we combine all the process steps for the electric. Ironmaking and steelmaking metallurgical and materials. In the bof process, coke making and iron making precede steel making these steps are not necessary. Therefore, the appropriate control authority must establish monitoring frequency to adequately demonstrate that indirect dischargers subject to the pretreatment standards comply with them. Regulatory framework for merger amalgamation 14 provisions of the companies act, 20 16 approvals in scheme of amalgamation 26 steps involved in merger a flow chart 30 judicial pronouncements 40 filing of various forms in the process of merger amalgamation 46 lesson round up 49 self test questions 50.
Class covers takeover premium, accretion dilution analysis, pro forma model, synergies, revenue enhancements, cost structures, integration, deal terms, debt, shares, financing, dcf model valuation. The merger and acquisition process includes all the steps involved in merging or acquiring a company, from start to finish. Scale modeling of steel making processes springerlink. Thermal expansion of particles in blast furnace, the effect of solid expansion due to temperature may. Analytics in the global steel industry hidden insight. The best subset regression analysis is applied to determine the most influencing variables influencing the output of the steelmaking process. It is the objective of management to maintain a high percentage of the yield. In the present study, we applied rf, ann, denfis and svr to predict yield of steel of the openhearth steelmaking process. Process harmonization plays an important role during the pmi. Pdf developments in the modelling of oxygen steelmaking. The tax terms are the same as those of a purchase merger.
In our work, a range of mathematica l techniques have been. With content designed to serve professionals and students, this book starts with an overview of steelmaking and develops into a focused description of underlying scientific fundamentals and applications. Like any business or inancial institution, credit unions can merge as part of a business growth strategy and can consider mergers or merger partners as part of an ongoing strategic planning process. The manufacturing process of steel strip production is a large and complex industrial process covering multi. Seven steps to merger excellence ivey business journal. In the existing steel making system, the co2 emission proved to be among the. Pig iron is divided into steelmaking pig iron, which is intended for further processing to steel by various refining processes, and foundry pig iron, from which cast iron is produced by remelting. Acquisitions as you can see, an acquisition may be only slightly different from a merger. The liquid steel can then be cast or formed into a variety of solid shapes via the continuous casting process. The modelling of oxygen steelmaking is difficult be cause of the complex multiphase physics and ch emistry of the proce ss. The chart, steelmaking by process type, summarizes the predominant steelmaking processes used in the world. Change is the only thing that will never change so lets learn to adopt by change management.
Mergers and acquisitions motives jrisy motis 1 toulouse school of economics ehess gremaq and university of crete jrissy. Formulate this stage involves the organization setting out its business objectives and growth. Steelmaking physical chemistry of metallurgical processes. The flow and chemical reaction in molten steel play an important role in these processes. Molten steel thus produced is then processed into slabs, blooms and billets as semifinished products. In ladle metallurgy of steelmaking, the role of gas injection into the metal. Yield is related to scrap quality and control of the operating practices in each facility. Reuse and recycling of byproducts in the steel sector. The following steps describe the model of process and issues. Overview of the steelmaking process pellets sinter limestone. Material removal processes machining is the broad term used to describe removal of material from a workpiece includes cutting, abrasive processes grinding, advanced machining processes electrical, chemical, thermal, hydrodynamic, lasers automation began when lathes were introduced in 1700s. Some experts claim the number of destructive mergers is as high as 85%. Pdf development and application of models for steelmaking and.
However, machining processes inevitably waste material in the form of chips, production rates may be low, and unless carried out properly, the processes can have detrimental effects on the surface properties and performance of parts. Computational fluid dynamic cfd simulation for continuous. Co2 abatement in the iron and steel industry united states energy. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Trying to process an exorbitant amount of information, decisionmakers need more efficient tools to quickly uncover hidden patterns that may otherwise go undetected. Overall layout design of iron and steel plants based on slp. This publication will analyse all the factors that lead to change. What can help make a merger or acquisition succeed. Modeling of steelmaking processes dipak mazumdar, james.
Mergers and acquisitions edinburgh business school. Modelling of kinetics of austenite formation in steels with different initial microstructures. Steel making is a process in which hot metal tapped from blast furnaces is refined into steel of the quality specified by customers. But it has been found that most mergers and acquisition fail because of poor handling of change management. Relies on holistic assumption engages emotions defines the problem identifies the decision allocates weights to the criteria develop and evaluate the alternatives select. The earlier process of making steels were bessemer process and siemensmartin process which turns steel making into a big industries. Indeed, the organization is a system that can appear to be complex and puzzling to those who manage it. It is the management objective to maintain a high percentage of the yield. Steel industry merger and aquisition news and analysis. Voest alpine industries, which merged a number of projects and longterm experience. Developed dynamic model can be used for ld converter having different capacities and accordingly this model. In principle, steelmaking is a melting, purifying, and alloying process carried out at approximately 1,600 c 2,900 f in molten conditions. There is growing concern in the corporate world that these new merging companies will b. Depending on the types of steel required, the following secondary steelmaking processes can be used.
The output yield of steel in the steelmaking process determines the operational efficiency of the steelmaking process, i. Overall layout design of iron and steel plants based on slp theory ermin zhou, kelou chen, yanrong zhang school of mechanical and electrical engineering, east china jiaotong university, nanchang, china abstract. Research related to the modeling of steelmaking and sand cast. This publication addresses only the first objective and the remaining three will be addressed in later publications. Exercises 6 summary summary the edition addresses issues essential to modern manufacturing, ranging from traditional topics such. The iron and steel manufacturing pretreatment standards do not ertab lish any monitoring frequency. There are three major steps in a merger transaction. Materials are removed by traversing in a direction parallel to the axis of.
The role of it in supporting mergers and acquisitions involving it teams early and often during mergers and acquisitions can help enterprises realize more value from the operational and market synergies that bring businesses together. This includes all planning, research, due diligence, closing, and implementation activities, which we will discuss in. Process harmonization phase model in post merger integration. Ann modeling of a steelmaking process springerlink. Modeling contagious merger and acquisition via point. Steel construction processes modeled using simulation technology. This paper attempts to illustrate the benefits of using slag models based on the thermodynamics of steelmaking reactions and the multidimensional modeling of phase equilibria, in conjunction with massbalance calculations. Key intelligent technology of steel strip production through process. The present study was performed considering the openhearth process of a steelmaking shop. During the iron and steelmaking processes, several byproducts are produced, such as slags, dusts. Pdf dynamic multiphysics modeling for steel production. Auction based approach to resolve scheduling problem in steel.
The organizational systems model osm is a framework for keeping in perspective the big picture of key variables that impact organizational performance. Economic impact analysis of proposed integrated iron and. At each stage of the merger or acquisition, clear guidelines and process are required. In principle, it is similar to the fire refining of nonferrous metals but the end product is an alloy, not a pure metal. The development of a process integration model a study using the exergy concept for analysing and quantifying the losses in the steel making chain 7 had already been used and proved useful for analysing the steel plant with respect to energy. Iron ore processing for the blast furnace courtesy of the national steel pellet company the following describes operations at the national steel pellet company, an iron ore mining and processing facility located on the mesabi iron range of minnesota. Using statistical analysis in an effort to minimize risks and discard outdated notions can help an organization stack their odds in favor of a more successful post merger integration. Be able to understand basic layout of blast furnace, steelmaking shop and continuous casting process. External arc heating permits better thermal control than does the basic oxygen process, in which heating is accomplished by the.
Eye formation in a water model of a steelmaking ladle. Modeling of the steel manufacturing processes sang young lee department of health administration namseoul university, 21 maejuri, seongwaneup, cheonan, south korea. Following behind is the electric arc process eaf with 33% and a residual quantity 4% by the open hearth process. The cast steel can then be forged or rolled in successive steps to produce anyone of the many required shapes. Most shops have incorporated computer modeling which is very reliable for determining many of the. Mathematical modeling of iron and steel making processes. The most significant alloying element effecting weldability is carbon. The role of a paper mill in a merged district heating system. Hard data, hard truths t he literature on merger successes is voluminous but for the most. Process integration in the steel industry diva portal. Classification of unconventional machining processes was mainly on the basis of the nature of energy employed in machining process. Influence of steel making processes on the quality of reinforcement. Sastri2 1alumini, indian institute of science, bangalore and technical advisor retd. Jun 20, 2016 the main reasons for choosing nontraditional machining processes are.
The purpose of this model is to value a target business and determine how much to pay for an acquisition. Pdf in a steelmaking shop, the output yield is considered as an important performance measure while producing a specific amount of steel. Data based modeling approach of iron and steelmaking. Not all steel plants produce all of the products shown in this diagram.
Advances in steelmaking, including the eaf and bof processes, have historically evolved in response to factors such as. Modeling of the effect of the gas flow rate on the fluid flow and. Various chemical reactions are initiated, either in sequence or simultaneously, in order to. Early in the deal process, the challenge of reorganizing european businesses due to regulatory and legal considerations was recognized and the merger of. Tech student, department of metallurgical and materials engineering, iit madras, chennai, 600036, india 2asst. This work actually helps to understand basic oxygen steel making process in detail during the blowing period. Therefore, we can conclude that svr is the best performed method for steel making yield prediction among the four methods. Data based modeling approach to iron and steel making processes sachin santosh1, ajay kumar shukla2 1m.
Sanjay pandey vijay verma with the shift in a trend of foreign investment from the developing economies. Now a days steel can be prepared from any one of the two processes 1 basic oxygen steelbos process it uses oxygen to melt the material and uses liquid pig iron and scrap to produce steel. Modeling of steelmaking processes meets that everpresent demand and provides a solid knowledge base on which to build. About onequarter of the worlds steel is produced by the electricarc method, which uses highcurrent electric arcs to melt steel scrap and convert it into liquid steel of a specified chemical composition and temperature. Steelmaking is a process of selective oxidation of impurities, which is the reverse of ironmaking. Download free ebooks at manufacturing processes and materials. A kinetic and thermodynamic description of the steel making. In essence, all primary iron and steel production processes are based on the same. Conventional machining processes and machine tools moduleiv.
Secondary steelmaking involves treating the molten steel produced from both bos and eaf routes to adjust the steel composition. Pdf mathematical modeling of iron and steel making. Finally, improvements in the steel process are proposed to. Mergers between credit unions are commonplace in the industry today. I propose a categorization of such motives based on the residual. Various chemical reactions are initiated, either in sequence or simultaneously, in order to arrive at specified chemical compositions and temperatures.
Introduction as a result of the advances in machine tools and cutting tool technology in recent decades, many of the conventional machining processes such as turning, milling and drilling have become costeffective, flexible and highthroughput manufacturing processes for producing high precision and high. Learn how mergers and acquisitions and deals are completed. Conventional machining processes and machine tools moduleiv turning turning operation is a machining process and is used to produce round parts in shape by a single point cutting tool. The reelection of incumbent indonesian president joko widodo for a second fiveyear term has made market participants optimistic about an upswing in steel demand from 2020 after market conditions disappointed in 2019. Iron and steel making processes are very complex in nature and we need.
Get more detail on post merger integration principles at our slideshare site. Anyone who has researched merger success rates knows that roughly 70 percent of mergers fail. Data based modeling approach of iron and steelmaking processes. The majority of the steel 60% is produced by oxygen reactor processes i. Professor, department of metallurgical and materials engineering, iit madras, chennai, 600036, india abstract. Evans, cpa, cma, cfm this course part 1 provides a concise overview of the merger and acquisition process, including the legal process, federal regulations and due diligence. It can serve as a benchmark for different steel making operations and constitute. Contents preface xu1 authors xvii nomenclature xix chapter 1 steelmaking, modeling,andmeasurements 1 1. Here is an outline of the process including critical pre merger steps. Corus, the product of the recent merger of hoogovens and british steel. F converter life, reliability and costs are vital to the smooth operations of steel plants worldwide. This is done by adding or removing certain elements andor manipulating the temperature and production environment.
This begins the integration through rigorous, yet flexible collaborative planning and trustbuilding. Aisi technology roadmap research program for the steel industry. In this guide, well outline the acquisition process from start to finish, the various types of acquirers strategic vs. Guidance manual for iron and steel manufacturing pretreatment. Calphad, thermodynamics, kinetic modeling, steelmaking, steel refining, inclusion modification, steel. Research shows that most mergers end up destroying shareholder value. Grain size modelling of a low carbon strip steel during hot. Tech student, department of metallurgical and materials engineering, iit madras, chennai. Several types of economic impact modeling approaches. A systematic process improvement model from manufacturing.
Pig iron is divided into steel making pig iron, which is intended for further processing to steel by various refining processes, and foundry pig iron, from which cast iron is produced by remelting. Modeling of steelmaking process with effective machine. The process models focus on part production employing electric arc furnace eaf steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel.